Senin, 31 Mei 2010

[U724.Ebook] Ebook Free Kendo: The Definitive Guide, by Hiroshi Ozawa

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Kendo: The Definitive Guide, by Hiroshi Ozawa

Kendo: The Definitive Guide, by Hiroshi Ozawa



Kendo: The Definitive Guide, by Hiroshi Ozawa

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Kendo: The Definitive Guide, by Hiroshi Ozawa

  • Sales Rank: #17319820 in Books
  • Published on: 1997
  • Binding: Hardcover

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[N608.Ebook] PDF Download Street Foods, by Hinnerk von Bargen, The Culinary Institute of America (CIA)

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Street Foods, by Hinnerk von Bargen, The Culinary Institute of America (CIA)

Street Foods is the first definitive book to explore the medley of global cuisines, cultures, and cooking techniques that are propelling the demand for “world casual” flavors from diners in every foodservice segment. This guide teaches professional chefs and culinary students how to capitalize on the ingredients, flavors, cooking techniques, and service of cherished portable foods from around the world. This is one of the only comprehensive texts available that offers a new look at food served out of trucks, booths, or mobile vending stations and aims to re-codify established classics. Street Foods explores a medley of global cuisines, cultures, and cooking techniques, combining the history of quintessential local street foods from around the world with recipes for these transportable treats. Recipes provide inspiration through the wonderful world of casual street food dining.

Features tantalizing photos by Francesco Tonelli.

  • Sales Rank: #864318 in Books
  • Published on: 2015-03-16
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 11.00" h x 1.23" w x 8.76" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 408 pages

Amazon.com Review
Featured Recipes from Street Foods Download the recipe for Beef Rendang Download the recipe for Romesco Vegetables Download the recipe for Waffles

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6 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Meh, I would not have bought if I had read a couple recipes first
By butterfly
VERY liberal interpretation "street food"; the recipes are not true to the book's description. What I've made so far has tasted good, but the layout and clarity of the recipes could be improved.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By romeo matundan
I'm happy and enjoy reading it.

1 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Good Book
By Michael L. Reed
Good book with a lot of interesting information. Definitely gets your mind going and motivated to try some of the recipes.

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Sabtu, 29 Mei 2010

[L838.Ebook] Get Free Ebook Training That Delivers Results: Instructional Design That Aligns with Business Goals, by Dick Handshaw

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Training That Delivers Results: Instructional Design That Aligns with Business Goals, by Dick Handshaw

Instructional designers and other training professionals are often forced into order-taking roles. The company wants training on a specific topic--business writing, behavioral interviewing, customer service--and a one-size-fits-all module is produced.

Training That Delivers Results offers a far better way to educate employees, one that connects learning solutions with strategic business goals. Rather than being told what to teach, proactive designers collect data to define problems and develop training interventions. Written by one of the originators of computer-based training, Handshaw's results-oriented model is systematic, yet flexible, and works for both instructor-led training and e-learning. Readers will learn how to:

● Analyze performance gaps

● Create targeted performance objectives and connect them with the right measurement tools

● Determine the best instructional strategy and the appropriate media

● Build consensus with project blueprint meetings

● Evaluate the effectiveness of training and use the data to continually improve.

Learning goals and business goals should go hand in hand. Here are the tools, worksheets, and assessments needed to tie the learning experience to enhanced performance outcomes--and deliver sustainable, quantifiable business results.

  • Sales Rank: #878727 in Books
  • Published on: 2014-05-28
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 7.25" w x .75" l, 1.01 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 224 pages

From the Back Cover

As a professional instructional designer, you care about providing real answers to real business problems. But you may often feel like you’re expected to merely “deliver training” on a particular topic, with little strategic consideration given to the underlying gaps that need to be addressed in order to achieve results.

Training That Delivers Results reveals how you can dig deeper to connect learning solutions with strategic business goals—and become a more valued business partner in the process. The book offers a systematic yet flexible approach that will work effectively in almost any industry or with any subject matter. This results-oriented model enables you to:

• Analyze performance gaps

• Create targeted performance objectives and connect them with the right measurement tools

• Determine the best instructional strategy and the appropriate media

• Build consensus with project blueprint meetings

• Evaluate the effectiveness of training and use

the data to continually improve

Filled with tools, case studies, client stories, and examples of work products, this one-of-a-kind guide provides very practical strategies. It shows how to develop highly focused training solutions, how to measure their effectiveness, and most importantly, how to take a powerfully proactive approach to orga­nizational needs.

After delving deeply into Training That Delivers Results, you’ll be able to look squarely at long-standing business quandaries and provide a response that resolves the issue and takes your organization (and your career) to new heights of success.

Advance Praise for Training that Delivers Results

“Handshaw connects the dots in a step-by-step process to show you how to deliver results through an instructional design model. His approach will lead you toward delivering powerful learning and development programs. This is a must-read for everyone involved in learning and development, specifically for those who design, develop, and facilitate training, and those who manage learning organizations.”

— Jack and Patti Phillips, cofounders of ROI Institute, authors of more than 75 books

“I wish the Handshaw model were available when I trained to be an instructional designer. It would have helped me—and my clients—immensely. Even after 40 years in the field, I still discovered several powerful pieces of practical advice in the book.”

— Sivasailam “Thiagi” Thiagarajan, CEO, The Thiagi Group

“Finally! A resource for learning professionals that combines performance consulting, instructional design, and measurement into a practical 'how-to book.' This book is a must-read for learning organizations striving to align with business goals and show measurable results and performance outcomes.”

— Beth Daniel, Learning Executive, Fortune 500 Company

DICK HANDSHAW, president of Handshaw, Inc., is a consultant, speaker, and pioneer in the field, with more than 35 years of experience as a learning and performance im­prove­ment professional.

About the Author

DICK HANDSHAW, president of Handshaw, Inc., is a consultant, speaker, and pioneer in the field, with more than 35 years of experience as a learning and performance improvement professional.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

CHAPTER 1

A New Model for Results

Training That Delivers Results aims to change learning organizations and their leaders by offering a strategic model that focuses on achieving desired business results. The strategic instructional design process described in this book produces observable, measurable, and repeatable training programs that deliver results. Observable means that you are able to clearly see the intended behaviors of and outcomes achieved by your performers. Measurable means that you are able to compare the results of your learner's performance against a predetermined standard. The system is efficient and predictable yet still offers room for flexibility and creativity.

The Handshaw Instructional Design Model applies principles of both performance improvement and instructional design to a variety of learning situations. Achieving business--focused outcomes begins by identifying both learning and nonlearning solutions to performance problems. Instructional design practiced this way doesn't cost time and money, it saves time and money.

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT AND INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN

Some people in our profession consider themselves instructional designers; others consider themselves to be performance consultants. An effective way to deliver value is by integrating the skills of both performance improvement and instructional design. Adding the steps of performance consulting from the Handshaw Instructional Design Model enables you to link learning goals to strategic business goals.

A New Model

The Handshaw Instructional Design Model integrates the principles of performance improvement with those of classic instructional design (see Figure 1.1). Although many of the parts of this model are not new, the concept of combining elements of performance improvement and instructional design into one straightforward, easy--to--use model is new. If your instructional design model is not saving you time and delivering business results, then this may be an approach to consider. By identifying both learning and nonlearning solutions up front, designers are better able to spend their time and resources delivering solutions that solve the right performance challenges. I have spent more than thirty years working with my team and our clients to refine our model and its application in a wide variety of situations. The following section describes the basics for applying the model.

THE HANDSHAW INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN MODEL EXPLAINED

Proactive Performance Consulting

You can establish a consulting relationship with your client through proactive performance consulting (see Figure 1.2). The purpose of establishing this relationship is to ensure that the training you develop aligns with your client's business goals. You can develop a "trusted partner" relationship with your client by having regular proactive consulting meetings. These meetings are informal, conversational, and simple to conduct. The eight -well--tested principles of the successful proactive consulting meeting are detailed in Chapter 2.

Reactive Performance Consulting

Most instructional designers are accustomed to meeting with their clients to react to training requests. These meetings present an opportunity to reframe the training request in order to align the training need with the business need. The reactive consulting meetings position you to take responsibility for results and outcomes of a learning program and help you transition from training "order taker" to trusted partner. (See Figure 1.3.)

Needs/Gap Analysis

The gap analysis is a frequently used type of needs analysis. It may be used after a successful proactive or reactive meeting in which appropriate learning needs have been identified. The first gap you identify is the difference between the current and the expected business outcomes. Next, determine the gap between the current performance and the performance required to achieve the business result. The exact level of performance required to close the gap is defined during the Analysis and Design phases in the model. Armed with this information, you can identify both learning and nonlearning solutions to help you and your client close both the performance and the business gaps. (See Figure 1.4.)

Learning Analysis

Once you have identified the skills gap, the Learning Analysis phase begins (Figure 1.5). The first step, a task analysis, is essentially a snapshot of the perfect performer engaging in a work task in a way that achieves the desired business result. Develop-ing a task analysis verified by subject matter experts (SMEs) and stakeholders before beginning training design is an essential step. It is cost effective and helps you avoid project delays and cost overruns.

There are three other types of analysis that help you make decisions later, during the Design phase. You can conduct an audience analysis to find out what your learners already know about the training program's content. Collecting helpful demographic information about the intended audience is also part of this analysis. The audience analysis doesn't require a lot of time and can be reused when conducting training for the same audience in the future.

Many organizations overlook the importance of culture. Culture can be one of the greatest enhancers or strongest barriers to a successful learning event. Conduct a learning culture analysis to leverage your organization's culture to impact the ultimate, lasting success of your learning design.

The last piece of analysis you should complete is called a delivery systems analysis. This may be more useful for outside service providers than for internal practitioners, but conducting this type of analysis might help you avoid the -really embarrassing situation of specifying the use of an unpopular or poorly performing learning delivery system. A delivery systems analysis can also be revised and reused for future projects.

Design

The Design phase (Figure 1.6) begins with the development of performance objectives (you can substitute learning objectives if you prefer that term). Successful selection and design of measurement instruments begins with well--written objectives. Although I am a proponent of flexibility, I don't recommend it here. You will reap the benefits of good objectives when measuring learning -outcomes---for example, when you are required to measure a learner's mastery of performance objectives.

It also makes sense to select and design your testing instruments once you have agreed upon objectives. When designing for results, you should limit your test design to criterion--referenced tests (CRTs) only. The criteria you reference in this case are the performance objectives. The payback for following these steps will be apparent when you define your instructional strategy. You can eliminate misunderstandings by defining a measurement strategy before you try to select an instructional strategy.

Blueprint

You won't find the blueprint meeting in any traditional instructional design model such as ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate). This tool is essential to the development of a performance partnership with your clients. A blueprint meeting is a forum that allows you to present your measurement strategy and instructional strategy to your stakeholders, subject matter experts, and others on the design team. The meeting can be held in person or virtually and is ideal for answering questions, clarifying misunderstandings, and gaining consensus. If you really want to be a trusted partner, invest two or three hours in this meeting. (See Figure 1.7.)

Prototype and Learner Tryout

Another useful tool for preventing "do-overs" and gaining consensus as a trusted partner is the simple step of developing and testing a prototype. First, select a training module for your prototype that is a fair representation of your measurement and instructional strategies. Then, before you go too far in developing the rest of the course, test your prototype with a small group of sample learners in a learner tryout. Use this structured test to yield valuable data for verifying your chosen strategies. You may discover differences of opinion with your subject matter experts or even among designers on your own team. I've found that observing sample learners during a learner tryout always uncovers the correct approach. The feedback loops in the model allow you to go back and revise the analysis and subsequent design steps. (See Figure 1.8.)

Production and Field Test

The Production phase is the largest and costliest of all the phases in the model (see Figure 1.9). It involves development of content and testing instruments. Because this phase is so time consuming, it is important to ensure that the other phases are done correctly in order to avoid rework.

The evaluation carried out in this phase is called a field test (some of our clients prefer the term pilot test). Whatever label you use, you need to observe sample learners as they test the entire learning solution under the exact conditions they will experience during implementation. Testing your course with a controlled audience provides a measure of reassurance to you and your client that the rollout will go smoothly. This is a good feeling to have if your course is going to be released to a large audience in a global organization.

Implementation

If you've carefully followed the recommended steps in the model, the Implementation phase should proceed according to plan (Figure 1.10). But sometimes well--designed and --executed learning programs fail due to poor implementation, despite the use of a detailed implementation plan. Why would this happen? Look for answers in your audience and learning culture analyses. These documents guide you in designing your implementation plan. Your implementation plan also should include change management plans, timelines, resources, logistics, and measurement of business impact and return on investment (ROI).

ONE DESIGNER'S FIRST CLIENT

The following case study illustrates how even a new learning practitioner can combine the practice of performance improvement and instructional design to solve a performance problem and achieve real business results. Ken, the instructional designer in this case study, is a recent graduate of a master's program in Instructional Systems Technology. The client request discussed in this narrative came about three months after Ken began work for a regional bank.

The Request

Ken was getting comfortable with his new job when he was contacted by Bill. Bill was responsible for an insurance product offered along with auto loans that would pay off the auto loan note in the case of the death or disability of the borrower. Revenue was down for this product, and Bill was concerned because fee income was becoming an increasingly important part of the -bank's revenue stream. Bill approached Ken and asked him to produce some training on product knowledge. He handed Ken a PowerPoint file from another -bank's training program and asked Ken to develop both instructor--led training and e--learning.

The Analysis

Having been schooled in instructional systems design, Ken asked to meet with Bill to develop task and audience analyses. Bill was polite and gracious, but he informed Ken that a two--day meeting of his entire team was scheduled to occur in about a month and the training had to be ready by then. Bill said he wanted to devote up to half of that time to training. Bill again insisted that his script be repurposed as an instructor--led event for the meeting. He also emphasized that he wanted an online version prepared for anyone who couldn't attend the meeting or anyone needing a refresher after the meeting.

Being new to the corporate world, Ken faced a dilemma. He had been taught the value of analysis, so he wasn't prepared for a client who didn't understand why analysis was important even with a tight deadline. Still, he did the only thing he could do. He took the script and promised to have everything ready on time.

Later that afternoon, Ken dropped by Bill's office with a few technical questions on the model script. While he was in Bill's office, Ken asked Bill if he could talk to some of the people who were having difficulty with the product so that he could better understand the problem. Bill told Ken there was no time to gather information, but he did offer to take Ken's questions with him on a trip he had previously scheduled to visit some of the bank's branches. Ken quickly crafted six questions about product knowledge based on what he knew from his review of the PowerPoint script and gave them to Bill.

When Bill returned from his trip a few days later, Ken asked Bill how the trip had gone. He was especially interested in the answers to the questions Bill had taken with him.

"Those questions you gave me were just questions about product knowledge," Bill commented.

"That's right," said Ken. "So, how did they do?"

"Well, they did pretty well. Almost everybody I asked knew the answers to all six of your questions."

Bill had to admit that everyone he questioned had adequate product knowledge. Ken saw this as an opening to make a point.

"So, Bill," Ken said, "do you still think spending all your training time on product knowledge is what you want me to do?"

For the first time, Bill looked a little perturbed, but he kept his patience and asked, "Well, what do you think?"

This was the turning point in the relationship. Ken had just crossed the line from being an order taker to becoming a trusted partner. He knew his next question was the most important one of his new career.

"Bill, can you tell me, from a business perspective, what you need to accomplish? What is your business goal?"

Bill's demeanor changed completely. He shared with Ken that for the last three months, only 30 percent of auto loans had any insurance products connected with them. His target was to have insurance products connected to 60 percent of all auto loans. Ken immediately recognized that this information was the basis for a learning and performance goal. He asked Bill if they could schedule a meeting the next day to discuss some other options. This time, Bill quickly agreed.

While answering questions about how the performers should go about presenting the insurance product to potential auto loan customers, Bill mentioned a key piece of information. He said that most lending officers admitted that they never or rarely mentioned the insurance product when closing an auto loan. Many lending officers said that they just didn't have time. Some said they didn't really know when the product was good for their customers, and some said they didn't like to mention the insurance product because many customers complained that it cost too much money. Some said they just liked being bankers and didn't want to feel like insurance salespeople. Now our designer had some data that he could use to solve Bill's problem.

With just a little bit of data, the solution became clear. Ken got permission to speak with some of the top performers who were achieving higher sales of the insurance products so he could produce a high--level task analysis of a sales process that was working. The gaps in performance were clear:

Successful performers mentioned the insurance product early in their overall loan closing process. Most of the loan officers never mentioned the insurance products at all.

Successful performers used a series of questions to qualify their loan customers to identify them as good candidates for the insurance products. Most of the loan officers never mentioned the insurance products at all.

Successful performers were able to relate stories of past customers who had benefitted from the purchase of the insurance products. Most of the loan officers never mentioned the insurance products at all.

Successful performers saw customer objections, especially to price, as buying signals and had a strategy for handling these objections. Most of the loan officers never mentioned the insurance products at all.

Finally, successful performers never mentioned lack of product knowledge as a barrier in selling the insurance products.

The Proposal

Based on the identified performance gaps and the additional analysis, Ken proposed the following solution:

                1.            Begin the instructor--led session with real stories of customers who benefitted from having purchased the insurance products. This information was easy to gather from product files.

                2.            Show video role plays of the successful loan closing process highlighting the presentation, qualifying, and objection handling for the insurance products. Include some role plays of common mistakes.

                3.            Conduct sample role plays with as many participants as possible, inviting feedback from other participants.

                4.            Conduct additional role plays handling different types of customer objections.

                5.            Include some drill and practice on product knowledge (just to keep Bill happy). Design and provide a job aid for product knowledge.

The Solution

Bill accepted the entire proposal. Ironically, the only thing he actually questioned was the need for the last component, concerning product knowledge. Ken convinced Bill to keep this point mostly for the value of the job aid and to further increase the confidence level of the participants. Bill was convinced that increasing the confidence level of the participants was likely to have the most significant impact on achieving his business goal of a 60 percent close rate. The instructor--led component, including sample videos and other written materials, was completed in the remaining three and a half weeks before the meeting, and all of the training was completed in the first full day of the two--day meeting.

The first class was attended by thirty--five participants. By splitting participants into different rooms, almost everyone was able to participate in a live role--play situation. Everyone received feedback on the role play based on a checklist, which was based on the task analysis and the objectives. Bill was able to identify the successful performers in the group, and he was also able to single out those who needed addi-tional coaching.

The Results

Three months after the meeting, 60 percent of all loans had insurance products connected to the loan. That rate was double the 30 percent rate for each of the three months prior to the meeting. Bill was so happy that he told everyone in the bank about his success and about his new strategic business partner.

And Now, the Rest of the Story . . .

The preceding case study narrative was mostly true, except the young designer's name was not Ken. His real name was Dick, and the story recalls my experience as a newly minted instructional designer in 1979. But, as they say, the more things change, the more they stay the same. The PowerPoint script was actually a script from a sound--slide presentation. As a historical note, a sound--slide presentation is a 1970s version of today's PowerPoint that contained words, graphics, and a sound track read by a narrator.

How would the prospects for designing an effective learning program have been any different if you had received an e‑mail from a contemporary like Bill with a PowerPoint file attached? Learning professionals call this kind of training program "check--in--a--box" training---that is, performing a learning activity without an ex-pectation of any measurable results.

In my early career example, the client achieved his business goal and I met the tight, four--week deadline without spending much money. I didn't go through a long, complicated process. I didn't employ a complicated instructional design model. I didn't even know there were such things as performance improvement models. What I did was reframe my client's request to focus on business outcomes rather than training activities. I got permission to conduct a little more analysis. My client identified the business gap for me, and together we identified the performance gap. With the help of his best performers, we identified the best practices, analyzed the task, and developed measurement and instructional strategies to achieve the performance goal. Achieving the performance goal in turn achieved the business goal.

WHAT DO TODAY'S LEARNING PROFESSIONALS NEED?

Today's learning professionals are faced with more challenges than ever before. Not only are they expected to work with clients as expert instructional designers, they are also expected to be training facilitators, adept in the use of different e--learning authoring tools and learning management systems (LMSs). It's clearly unreasonable to expect these diverse talents to exist in one person.

Still, if you are part of a small learning team, it's inevitable that you will be expected to be adept at a variety of skills. For some people, this expectation offers a good opportunity to discover their strengths and weaknesses. Instructional design is definitely a team sport. It is a far better career strategy to improve as much as you can in your areas of strength and rely on your team members to make up for your weaknesses. How well you engage with your team determines your success as a learning professional.

If you are serious about this profession, a master's degree in Instructional Systems Technology or a related field will open many doors, but you won't find many undergraduate programs that prepare you to be a learning professional in the corporate world. A degree and experience in public education are an excellent background for entering the corporate learning field.

Ongoing professional development is also important for learning professionals. While many of the design principles remain the same, their application (especially with constantly evolving technology) is ever changing. You can keep up with the field by attending conferences or meetings that base their topics on research and evidence--based practices. Refer to the Appendix for a short list of the leading professional associations.

Finally, learning professionals today need to be responsible for business results. Training departments are often the first place organizations cut costs. The only way to change this dynamic is to partner with your organization to achieve business goals. Being a training order taker who accepts only the responsibility to complete a required number of training programs is not a partnering relationship that provides value to your client or organization.

THE FIRST PHASE . . .

Chapter 2 helps you build a trusted partner relationship with your clients. You will learn how to reframe some training requests to identify business goals and subsequently define training goals that help achieve the business goals. You will be able to identify other solutions to the results you seek besides just training solutions. You will also be able to take a proactive approach to help you keep close to your clients and establish your consulting relationship before your client comes to you with a request.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Game changer
By Alb L.
This is really the reference for a training consultant! I was put in this role not knowing much about training but I know a lot about the business... my manager was not too keen in coaching me (happens more than you think). This book really helped my career!
It tells you what training delivery and implementation is really about!

5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
Goodbye ADDIE & Welcome the Handshaw Instructional Design Model
By Gary A DePaul
Whether you are a new instructional designer or an experienced manager, Dick Handshaw’s book can help you improve how you design training and add value for your business partners. I’ve read a number of traditional instructional books that explain the ADDIE Methodology (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), but I found that the Handshaw Instructional Design Model adds to and improves ADDIE while helping you address some of the instructional design challenges and avoid common pitfalls.

Specifically from the book, I found the following to be extremely insightful:

- Reframe training request discussions to focus on desired business results
- Be proactive through performance consulting (and how to do this)
- Show how effective you can be to get buy-in to conduct analyses
- Leverage the culture to help deliver needed business results
- Rethink how we communicate performance objectives (one of my favorite parts of the book)
- Create effective instructional strategies
- Better leverage evaluation to strengthen training deliverables

One of the book’s strengths is how Handshaw uses real examples to demonstrate how to execute his model. I believe that these examples are powerful and insightful. Handshaw goes further by referencing video examples that you can find on his website for free (that has hyperlinks to his YouTube videos). With the videos, Handshaw walks you through specific steps within his model such as the reactive consulting meeting and the gap-map meeting.

Because Handshaw effectively addresses the bulleted list (above) and his real examples, I rated this book to have five stars.

The book is worth your time and can help you strengthen how you practice instructional design. After reading the book, I started thinking about what I could have done differently to improve the deliverables from some of my more recent projects. I know that what I learned will help me with future projects by doing a better job of systematically applying the model and keeping what Handshaw calls the Cost-vs.-Risk Rule in mind while executing the different design phases.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Great layering of ISD & Performance Consulting
By Kristina K. Nord
Dick Handshaw successfully relates to those of us that have lived in the "order taker" world while providing a practical approach for pivoting towards "business partner". He doesn't offer a silver bullet, rather he offers direct, reasonable advice via clear stories and useful questions that can help an ISD learn to become a proactive partner. My only improvement recommendation would be more variety of industries in the examples. (Hopefully in the 2nd edition?) Still, he's succinctly described what great learning professionals do differently. My next step is to start the work of spreading his wisdom throughout my organization.... Wait, he's already addressed that too, in Chapter 13. Thanks for a great model and implementation guide, Mr. Handshaw! Glad to finally have a book like this on my bookshelf!

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Senin, 24 Mei 2010

[B318.Ebook] Get Free Ebook Doorways in the Sand, by Roger Zelazny

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Doorways in the Sand, by Roger Zelazny

Hugo nominated science fiction novel, originally published in serial form in Analog Science Fiction. The book is dedicated to Isaac Asimov.

  • Sales Rank: #391999 in Books
  • Published on: 1976-03
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 185 pages

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
... when it was new and missed for years--still a good
By Meri F. Clason
A book I had when it was new and missed for years--still a good read

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Benjamin B.

13 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
Third Gargoyle From The End
By Marc Ruby™
If you haven't read any Roger Zelazny it's about time you got started. He was one of the best science fiction writers of the late 20th Century, and arguably one of the great ones of any time. His scope and output are immense, and he is one of the most consistent of writers, always trying out new ideas and making them work. Doorways in the Sand was written in the same era as Lord of Light and the early Amber books and while it is not well known, it is brilliant in its own right.

Fred Cassidy has a gimmick - the terms of his scholarship guarantee that it will continue until he completes a degree. And so, for the past thirteen years Fred has managed to stay a full time student and carefully evade the conditions for graduation. Suddenly, though, his carefree lifestyle has become more complicated at a recent party a copy of the Star Stone - an interplanetary relic that has been gifted to earth as part of a diplomatic exchange -- disappears. Only it turns out that the copy isn't a copy, but the real thing. Now no one knows where it is, but it's gone, and everyone from organleggers to policemen dressed in wombat suits are chasing after Fred.

Worse, Fred keeps getting subliminal messages that may or may not be well intentioned. With the galactic future of the Earth at stake, Fred's only resource is his ability to climb anything with more than one story. Fortunately this stands him in good stead, since he must spend a good deal of his time escaping. Just ask yourself how you would feel in the grasp of a giant, telepathic slime mold.

It was a real treat to reread Doorways in the Sand after all this time. This was an era where an author could stop long enough for his characters to have a philosophical discussion and a glass of iso-whiskey. Zelazny's books are usually intelligent, and Fred's circumstances are such that only his mind and his skill at leaping tall buildings will get him out of the mess. Having delayed my graduation as long as I could as well, I find Fred highly sympathetic. And if you have ever wished that life could be one long string of research projects and beer parties you will find him a kindred soul as well.

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Rabu, 12 Mei 2010

[U799.Ebook] PDF Download Total War. Rome II. Destruir Cartago (Spanish Edition), by David Gibbins

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Total War. Rome II. Destruir Cartago (Spanish Edition), by David Gibbins

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Total War. Rome II. Destruir Cartago (Spanish Edition), by David Gibbins

¿Hasta dónde estás dispuesto a llegar por Roma?


Cartago, año 146 a.C.


Esta es la historia de Fabio Petronio Segundo, legionario romano y centurión y de su ascenso al poder: desde su primera batalla contra los macedonios, que selló el destino del Imperio de Alejandro Magno, hasta la guerra total en el norte de África y el asedio de Cartago.


El éxito de Fabio le aporta admiración y respeto, pero también atrae la codicia y la envidia. Los aliados más íntimos pueden convertirse en los más amargos enemigos. Además, está la oveja negra de la familia de César, Julia, quien ama tanto a Fabio como a su rival Paulo, provocando una feroz rivalidad.


Al final, Fabio se verá obligado a responder a una sola pregunta: ¿hasta qué punto está dispuesto a sacrificarse por su visión de Roma?


Inspirada en Total War: Rome II, de la exitosa serie de videojuegos Total War, Destruir Cartago es la primera de una serie de novelas épicas narradas a partir del juego. No es solo el relato del destino de un hombre, sino también un viaje a la esencia de la época romana, a través del universo de las tácticas militares y las intrigas políticas con las que los guerreros y los ciudadanos romanos trataban de burlar a la muerte. Fabio tratará de recordar lo que un viejo centurión le contó sobre las batallas: «Sólo verás un túnel frente a ti y ese túnel será tu mundo. Consigue que el enemigo no invada ese túnel y quizás logres sobrevivir. Si tratas de ver lo que ocurre más allá del túnel, si apartas la vista de aquellos que tienen la vista puesta en ti, morirás».


Basada en los juegos de estrategia Total War, desarrollados por Creative Assembly y publicados por SEGA.


David Gibbins es autor de siete novelas históricas, entre las que destaca el éxito internacional Atlantis. Profesor e investigador en Cambridge y en diversas universidades inglesas, durante una década dio clases de Arqueología, Historia Antigua e Historia del Arte. Dejó la enseñanza para dedicarse a la literatura. Es un apasionado submarinista y ha dirigido numerosas expediciones en las que han llegado a hacerse hallazgos de más de diez mil años de antigüedad. David Gibbins divide su tiempo entre Inglaterra y Canadá.



facebook.com/David-Gibbins

  • Sales Rank: #1578095 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2013-09-03
  • Released on: 2013-09-03
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
TOTAL WAR.-ROMA II.DESTRUIR CARTAGO
By ANIBAL
esta novela excelentemente escrita corresponde a la Tercera Guerra Punica y fue el ultimo enfrentamiento militar entre la Republica Romana y la antigua colonia fenicia de Cartago entre los años 149 y 146 A.C.El nombre punico proviene de la denominacion que daban a los romanos a los cartagineses ,proveniente del latin Punici o Poenici.-
Esta guerra fue mucho mas corta que las dos anteriores y consistio principalmente en el asedio romano a la ciudad de Cartago,llevando finalmente a la destruccion total de la misma y la muerte o esclavitud de todos sus habitantes.-Terminando asi con la existencia de Cartago como nacion independiente.-
EXCELENTE NOVELA

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Sabtu, 08 Mei 2010

[U985.Ebook] Download Nightmarescape, by T. S. Dann

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Nightmarescape, by T. S. Dann

The Nightmarescape is a realm constituted of negative psychic energy. It reaches out to damaged souls through their dreams and pulls them in after death. Curse wakes up in the Nightmarescape unable to recall his former life. Both terrified and perplexed by the undead surreality of the place, he struggles to recall who he was. He befriends the maniacal Larry Spectre, who becomes an unlikely mentor. His affiliation with Larry drags him into a conflict between age-old rivals. Through the violence, Curse learns that there is a way he can return to his previous existence and see the woman he loved again. A single determined path of bloodshed follows in his wake as he searches for a device that will reconnect him to the world of the living. As he travels further along his quest—and remembers more of his story—he begins to realize that he may not want to know everything about his grim past.

  • Sales Rank: #4925456 in Books
  • Published on: 2014-10-16
  • Original language: English
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .82" w x 5.50" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 362 pages

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1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Dark and bright! A definite must-read!
By Joseph B.
When I first started reading this book, I'll admit it took me a few pages to get into it. I've never been much of a fan of the third person pov but with this one, it works. Not to mention the genre, horror hasn't been my go-to read for quite some time now. This being said, it took me until about 25 to 30 percent of the way into this journey to really accept it, to embrace it, but at that point I was all-in. This one will be unforgettable for me, to say the least.
I really got into the characters' minds after initially breaking into the storyline and I never let go of them. They all had their own unique background and each was explained thoroughly. These people, my God. You hate them when you first meet them but you are quickly thrown into their world, fighting alongside them, riding along with them with every turn of every page. The author paints their emotions on his own bleak canvas, and does so flawlessly. The characters are hard to fall in love with at first, but once you get to know them they are nearly impossible to forget.
T.S. Dann has done a great job with this one, I've never really read anything quite like this. It's a totally different approach to all of the psych/ paranormal/ horror/ totally uncategorizable genre that it is. I freaking loved it! Yes, read it!!!
I will read the next in this series, undoubtedly.
Once I finished this book, I realized how much I had adjusted to the different style of Dann's writing and had also come to enjoy it. I look forward to the next in this series, (yes, I was happy to read that it will be a series!) and eagerly anticipate it.
Great first novel, Mr. Dann! Please keep it going!

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
If this is what hell is like, then I want to be there and hangout with Curse, Banshee and Larry.
By Danya Levine
What do a bounty hunter with a chip on his shoulder, an environmental extremist who kills to make a point, and a Dr. who loves his shotgun and hootenannies have in common?? Good aim and brass balls- or at least that’s the conclusion I came to after reading this book. Nightmarescape is a thrilling, shoot’ em up, wild ride thru crazy town, complete with a love story to boot! These characters will draw you in to their world, grab hold and make you sorry to read the last page. Banshee is probably one of the toughest, strongest female characters to come off the page in a long time. Holding her own in a demon filled world of dead warriors from every century, she is never a damsel in distress. And even, saves the main character, Curse, more than a few times. Intricate and epic battles, fill the pages, as these 3 lost souls band together in a place where there is no law or order. If this is what hell is like, then I want to be there and hangout with Curse, Banshee and Larry. A fun read, with a different style, and a little bit of something for every type of fiction fan , history, elaborate fight scenes, humor, and even romance .

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Deliciously Nightmarish!
By Roma Gray
Nightmarescape is the perfect title for this book because the author has done such a wonderful job capturing the feel of a nightmare. The world is not just dark, it is disturbing and disorienting. You feel the muscles in your body tense as you wait for something hiding in the dark to leap out at you. I was in awe of the way this book captures the very essence of a nightmare right from page one and holds onto that mood all the way to the end. And when I say that, I don't mean the author used excessive gore. The description and pacing simply created the perfect nightmare world. This book is very well crafted.

In regards to pacing, there is never a dull moment. One action scene after another. You almost end up gasping for breath. Yet through all this you learn more about the characters and grow very attached to them. I don't want to give away the ending, but let's just say I'm anxiously awaiting the second book!

Long story short, it's a good read. The book sucks you in and traps you in the Nightmarescape along with the characters. A complete escape from the normal, everyday existence. I highly recommend this book.

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Kamis, 06 Mei 2010

[W302.Ebook] Free PDF The Mommy Makeover: Restoring Your Body After Childbirth, by Michael R. Burgdorf MD MPH

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The Mommy Makeover: Restoring Your Body After Childbirth, by Michael R. Burgdorf MD  MPH

The Mommy Makeover: Restoring Your Body After Childbirth, by Michael R. Burgdorf MD MPH



The Mommy Makeover: Restoring Your Body After Childbirth, by Michael R. Burgdorf MD  MPH

Free PDF The Mommy Makeover: Restoring Your Body After Childbirth, by Michael R. Burgdorf MD MPH

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The Mommy Makeover: Restoring Your Body After Childbirth, by Michael R. Burgdorf MD  MPH

Is a Mommy Makeover Right for You? MOMS SACRIFICE EVERYTHING for their children, especially their bodies. Pregnancy, breast-feeding, and months of sleepless nights can take a heavy toll, often changing their bodies forever. You DO have a choice. The Mommy Makeover is the proven way to reverse the physical impact of childbirth through safe, effective plastic surgery. Dr. Michael Burgdorf, an award-winning plastic surgeon, shows you how to make the decision for cosmetic surgery, how to prepare for it, and what to expect each step of the way from consultation through recovery. With a Mommy Makeover, you'll regain your body: a flatter tummy, tighter skin, and rejuvenated breasts through simple outpatient surgery.Inside, you'll learn how to: * Give yourself permission to have surgery * Discuss the surgery with your spouse, children, family, and friends * Set your expectations * Choose specific procedures that are right for your body * Select the right surgeon * Prepare yourself, your family, and your household for surgery * Plan your recovery.   Discover how a Mommy Makeover can boost your self-confidence, improve your appearance, and lead to a more positive life and career.  "As a busy, working mom of two young kids, time is not something I have a whole lot of! Dr. Mike's book has provided me with invaluable information, all in one place, about my options when it comes to taking care of myself and my body. This book is a fantastic resource for understanding exactly what goes into the Mommy Makeover and addresses all of the questions that I could possibly think of... I can't wait to pass this along to my mommy friends!" - Suzi Ellis, luxury brand publicist and small business owner

  • Sales Rank: #3618811 in Books
  • Published on: 2015-07-16
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .39" w x 6.00" l, .55 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 180 pages

About the Author
Michael R. Burgdorf, MD, MPH is a board-certified plastic surgeon and owner of Music City Plastic Surgery in Nashville. His passion for listening to, caring for, and educating patients earned him the “Patient’s Choice” and “Most Compassionate Doctor” Awards from Vitals.com for the past four years in a row. Vitals also named him one of the “Top Ten Plastic Surgeons in Tennessee” in 2014. Additionally, Dr. Burgdorf was named the National Winner (and the Nashville city winner) of “The Doctors’ Choice Award in Plastic Surgery” for 2014. For more information about Dr. Burgdorf’s practice, go to www.musiccityplasticsurgery.com

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Super insightful and a must read before surgery!
By Amazon Customer
This book is loaded with everything you need to know before and after your surgery. I think the part that helped me the most was the emotional roller coaster to expect before and after surgery. The doubts, the worries, the excitement...it's a whirlwind of emotions and I'm so thankful that Dr. Burgdorf was able to help me prepare for that aspect of it all and know that it was actual normal to be experiencing it all! This is a must for anyone considering any plastic surgery. He's truly a compassionate doctor who wants to the best for his patients/readers!

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Everything I needed!
By rsaw
The Mommy Makeover showed me that the road to restoring my body is not nearly as difficult as I once thought. Dr. Mike answered all my questions and put both my heart and mind at ease. I loved that I can use this book as a resource for my Mommy Makeover options as well as a guide for before and after care/options. It's all laid out in a simple plan and all I have to do is follow it. Couldn't be any easier!

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
I recommend this book to anyone who has just given birth
By Amazon Customer
I recommend this book to anyone who has just given birth. This book is loaded with information on how your body and mind react after giving birth and what to expect. I highly recommend, a must read!!!

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Senin, 03 Mei 2010

[D562.Ebook] Download Ebook Definition, by Richard Robinson

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Definition, by Richard Robinson

Definition, by Richard Robinson



Definition, by Richard Robinson

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Definition, by Richard Robinson

The purpose of this book is to clarify the concept of definition and improve defining activities.

  • Sales Rank: #16248654 in Books
  • Published on: 1968
  • Binding: Unknown Binding
  • 207 pages

Most helpful customer reviews

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
DEFINITELY GOOD
By DAVID BRYSON
Robinson's 'Definition' dates from 1954. That places it after Ayer's Language Truth and Logic and Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica, but before the published work of J L Austin and before the major works of the new school of moral philosophers, notably R M Hare author of The Language of Morals and Freedom and Reason, who saw the terms used in moral philosophy as expressing evaluations rather than as describing objects.

This was the heyday of the Oxford school of linguistic philosophers. It may be an unfashionable view, but I see their approach as valuable and important. Ayer had argued, for instance, that one does not actually see or hear things but only receives sense-data (Russell's 'sensibilia') of them, and that pure logic should be rigorously independent of human psychology. This kind of thing could not go on, and Austin, author of Sense and Sensibilia, was the stylish leading advocate of a view that asserted that the ordinary terms of human speech were philosophically legitimate. Austin was also the author of How To Do Things With Words, and I don't deny that that much of the philosophical writing of the time was clever-clever rather than significant in playing games with verbal expressions, but its real value in stripping out solemn and unnecessary abstraction remains. Where Robinson is admirably level-headed is in ignoring the aspects of the fashion that were fashionably trivial, in refusing to toy with words and in subjecting his contemporaries to the same detached analysis that he brings to Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Kant and the rest of them. I had personal experience of both Ayer and Robinson, and in comparison with the frothy velocity of Ayer the slow and taciturn Robinson could seem a bit of an old cart-horse. In terms of lasting significance it all reads very differently to me now. Ayer said the truth at the end of a TV interview in which he was asked how his doctrines had stood the test of time. 'Oh, they're wrong' he said.

Robinson explores definition along two axes. One is the simple distinction between informative and stipulative definition, a stipulative definition being one that legislates its own meaning, such as that i is to mean the square root of -1. However the main structure of the book is around the three issues of when we are defining words or other symbols, when definition consists of relating the symbols to the things symbolised, and when - if ever - a definition can be said to define things directly. Robinson is fully aware that language is an unstable and changing thing, and he is rather conservative in stigmatising certain uses of the word 'definition' even 50 years ago as being bad and slipshod expression. He loosens his logical corsets a little at this point and some of his prejudices, e.g. against the word 'psychoanalysis', have nothing to say to us now and are not central to his argument anyway. It seems to me that the word 'definition' has got out of the corral these days. We talk about 'defining features' in someone's life without implying that these features distinguish the person's life from everyone else's, and I see nothing wrong with that. In fact I would have liked Robinson to deal a bit more with the issue of when a definition may be partial rather than exhaustive. Robinson would probably have viewed it as wrong to 'define' a lion as a feline, as this does not distinguish it from a tiger or a bobcat. On the other hand I'd say that putting a lion as opposed to a hyena into the category of felines can reasonably, as a matter of accepted usage, be called defining it as a feline. At worst his severity is a good fault, far better than the opposite tendency, but I feel it gets out of hand in his special use of 'names' whereby someone's surname does not qualify for the term 'name'. In general I have some difficulty with his view that it is impossible to define individuals, on the grounds that it is impossible to discover characteristics that any individual does not share with someone else. He concedes that a synthetic definition, e.g. 'Julius Caesar is the author of the Gallic Wars' is possible, but not an analytic definition. To define Julius Caesar by his parentage and the dates, times and places of his birth and death would surely do the trick, even before DNA came to our aid, although it would not have helped anyone recognise Julius Caesar when he met him.

What is really impressive about this book is its author's refusal to be impressed. He is in no way polemical, but his concentration rarely or never lapses, and there are a couple of memorable sideswipes at Ayer and at Kant's notorious use of '7 + 5 = 12' as a specimen of a synthetic proposition, Robinson regarding it as a mere abbreviation. I think he describes the work somewhere near the start as being for the general reader. I won't actually quarrel with that, so lucid is the reasoning and its exposition, although he ought to have given a translation for the bit of medical Latin that he pillories at one point. This purports to be a definition of (I think) motor neurones, which it seeks to define by their colour, texture and proximity to one another. He was fully up to speed with the work of his contemporaries, and when he says that 'good' describes next to nothing he was clearly on the wavelength of Hare and co before they published a word. One of his examples has always left me uneasy, namely Aristotle's supposed 'definition' of what is translated as 'happiness'. Robinson accepts the standard translation 'happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue', but says briskly that this only purports to be a definition and is actually talking about the way to achieve happiness, not about happiness itself. I'm sure he's probably right, but I can never get it out of my head that the alleged 'activity' (energeia) is a seeming coinage, and that 'eudaimonia' usually means acceptability to the gods. There are perfectly good Greek words for 'happiness' and 'activity' if he had wanted to talk about those, and I sometimes wonder (although I wouldn't dare suggest to the learned) whether this passage is not about being true to our proper selves - something like 'well-being is the spirit's life in action according to its proper talent'. This would make it a genuine definition, just not the usual one.

Obviously this is not a book for everyone. For those whom it's for it is a very fine and helpful piece of work indeed.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
DEFINITELY GOOD
By DAVID BRYSON
Robinson's `Definition' dates from 1954. That places it after Ayer's Language Truth and Logic and Russell and Whitehead's Principia Mathematica, but before the published work of J L Austin and before the major works of the new school of moral philosophers, notably R M Hare author of The Language of Morals and Freedom and Reason, who saw the terms used in moral philosophy as expressing evaluations rather than as describing objects.

This was the heyday of the Oxford school of linguistic philosophers. It may be an unfashionable view, but I see their approach as valuable and important. Ayer had argued, for instance, that one does not actually see or hear things but only receives sense-data (Russell's `sensibilia') of them, and that pure logic should be rigorously independent of human psychology. This kind of thing could not go on, and Austin, author of Sense and Sensibilia, was the stylish leading advocate of a view that asserted that the ordinary terms of human speech were philosophically legitimate. Austin was also the author of How To Do Things With Words, and I don't deny that that much of the philosophical writing of the time was clever-clever rather than significant in playing games with verbal expressions, but its real value in stripping out solemn and unnecessary abstraction remains. Where Robinson is admirably level-headed is in ignoring the aspects of the fashion that were fashionably trivial, in refusing to toy with words and in subjecting his contemporaries to the same detached analysis that he brings to Plato, Aristotle, Hobbes, Kant and the rest of them. I had personal experience of both Ayer and Robinson, and in comparison with the frothy velocity of Ayer the slow and taciturn Robinson could seem a bit of an old cart-horse. In terms of lasting significance it all reads very differently to me now. Ayer said the truth at the end of a TV interview in which he was asked how his doctrines had stood the test of time. `Oh, they're wrong' he said.

Robinson explores definition along two axes. One is the simple distinction between informative and stipulative definition, a stipulative definition being one that legislates its own meaning, such as that i is to mean the square root of -1. However the main structure of the book is around the three issues of when we are defining words or other symbols, when definition consists of relating the symbols to the things symbolised, and when - if ever - a definition can be said to define things directly. Robinson is fully aware that language is an unstable and changing thing, and he is rather conservative in stigmatising certain uses of the word `definition' even 50 years ago as being bad and slipshod expression. He loosens his logical corsets a little at this point and some of his prejudices, e.g. against the word `psychoanalysis', have nothing to say to us now and are not central to his argument anyway. It seems to me that the word `definition' has got out of the corral these days. We talk about `defining features' in someone's life without implying that these features distinguish the person's life from everyone else's, and I see nothing wrong with that. In fact I would have liked Robinson to deal a bit more with the issue of when a definition may be partial rather than exhaustive. Robinson would probably have viewed it as wrong to `define' a lion as a feline, as this does not distinguish it from a tiger or a bobcat. On the other hand I'd say that putting a lion as opposed to a hyena into the category of felines can reasonably, as a matter of accepted usage, be called defining it as a feline. At worst his severity is a good fault, far better than the opposite tendency, but I feel it gets out of hand in his special use of `names' whereby someone's surname does not qualify for the term `name'. In general I have some difficulty with his view that it is impossible to define individuals, on the grounds that it is impossible to discover characteristics that any individual does not share with someone else. He concedes that a synthetic definition, e.g. `Julius Caesar is the author of the Gallic Wars', is possible, but not an analytic definition. To define Julius Caesar by his parentage and the dates, times and places of his birth and death would surely do the trick, even before DNA came to our aid, although it would not have helped anyone recognise Julius Caesar when he met him.

What is really impressive about this book is its author's refusal to be impressed. He is in no way polemical, but his concentration rarely or never lapses, and there are a couple of memorable sideswipes at Ayer and at Kant's notorious use of `7 + 5 = 12' as a specimen of a synthetic proposition, Robinson regarding it as a mere abbreviation. I think he describes the work somewhere near the start as being for the general reader. I won't actually quarrel with that, so lucid is the reasoning and its exposition, although he ought to have given a translation for the bit of medical Latin that he pillories at one point. This purports to be a definition of (I think) motor neurones, which it seeks to define by their colour, texture and proximity to one another. He was fully up to speed with the work of his contemporaries, and when he says that `good' describes next to nothing he was clearly on the wavelength of Hare and co before they published a word. One of his examples has always left me uneasy, namely Aristotle's supposed `definition' of what is translated as `happiness'. Robinson accepts the standard translation `happiness is an activity of the soul in accordance with virtue', but says briskly that this only purports to be a definition and is actually talking about the way to achieve happiness, not about happiness itself. I'm sure he's probably right, but I can never get it out of my head that the alleged `activity' (energeia) is a seeming coinage, and that `eudaimonia' usually means acceptability to the gods. There are perfectly good Greek words for `happiness' and `activity' if he had wanted to talk about those, and I sometimes wonder (although I wouldn't dare suggest to the learned) whether this passage is not about being true to our proper selves - something like `well-being is the spirit's life in action according to its proper talent'. This would make it a genuine definition, just not the usual one.

Obviously this is not a book for everyone. For those whom it's for it is a very fine and helpful piece of work indeed.

2 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
"definition" the confused concept
By hadi rabiei
one of the chapters of this book is about "real definition".
Robinson believed that the notion of real definition is a confusion of at least twelve activities.some of these activities are legitimate and extremely valuable activities,but we shuld not call them "real definition", and some of them are wholly bad.
real definition as search for essence is a bad activity because it has some false premises.
I wrote a reaserch about real definition in islamic logicians attitudes and addapted it whit Robinson's book.

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